Tetrahydrocarbazoles, a process for the preparation of those compounds, and the use thereof

ABSTRACT

There are described tetrahydrocarbazoles of formula (1) or (2). The compounds are suitable as antimicrobial active ingredients.

[0001] The present invention relates to novel tetrahydrocarbazoles, to a process for the preparation of those compounds and to the use thereof as antimicrobial active ingredients.

[0002] The tetrahydrocarbazoles according to the invention correspond to formula

[0003] wherein

[0004] R₁ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀-alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkylcarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro,

[0005] R₂ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₁-C₂₀hydroxyalkyl; C₁-C₂₀-hydroxyalkoxy; C₁-C₂₀aminoalkyl; N—C₁-C₂₀monoalkylamino-C₁-C₂₀alkyl; N—C₁-C₂₀-monoalkylaminohydroxy-C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; N,N—C₁-C₂₀dialkylamino-C₁-C₂₀alkyl; N,N—C₁-C₂₀dialkylaminohydroxy-C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; carboxy; carboxy-C₁-C₂₀alkyl ester, C₁-C₂₀-haloalkyl; C₁-C₂₀haloalkoxy; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂-cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; C₂-C₂₀alkenyloxy; C₂-C₂₀alkynyloxy; halogen; cyano; C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl; nitro; trifluoromethyl; or pentafluoroethyl;

[0006] R₃ and R₄ are each independently of the other hydrogen; or C₁-C₂₀alkyl; or R₃ and R₄ together denote a C₂-C₂₀alkylene radical; a C₂-C₂₀alkenylene radical; a C₄-C₂₀-alkynylene radical; or a C₃-C₂₀alkylene radical interrupted by —N(R₆)—, it being possible for such bivalent radicals to be further substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₂₀alkenyl, C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₂₀alkynyl, C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, or phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro; or R₃ and R₄ together denote a bicyclo[x.y.z.]C₄-C₂₀alkylene; or bicyclo[x.y.z.]C₄-C₂₀alkylene interrupted by —N(R₆)—, wherein x, y and z are each independently of the others from 0 to 10;

[0007] R₅ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂-cyclolkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, triluoroethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro;

[0008] R₆ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀-alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂-cyclolkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro;

[0009] Q is —SO₂—; —O—; or —(CO)—;

[0010] X is —CH—; or —N—;

[0011] m is from 1 to 3; and

[0012] t is 0 or 1.

[0013] C₁-C₂₀Alkyl denotes straight-chain or branched alkyl radicals, such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, amyl, isoamyl or tert-amyl, heptyl, octyl, isooctyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl or eicosyl.

[0014] C₃-C₁₂Cycloalkyl is, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cycloheptyl, cyclooctyl, cyclononyl, cyclodecyl, cycloundecyl, cyclodocecyl and especially cyclohexyl.

[0015] Within the scope of the meanings given, alkenyl includes inter alia allyl, isopropenyl, 2-butenyl, 3-butenyl, isobutenyl, n-penta-2,4dienyl, 3-methylbut-2-enyl, n-oct-2-enyl, n-dodec-2-enyl, isododecenyl, n-dodec-2-enyl or n-octadec-4-enyl.

[0016] C₁-C₂₀Alkoxy denotes straight-chain or branched radicals, such as methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy or pentyloxy, hexyloxy, heptyloxy, octyloxy, isooctyloxy, nonyloxy, decyloxy, undecyloxy, dodecyloxy, tetradecyloxy, pentadecyloxy, hexadecyloxy, heptadecyloxy, octadecyloxy or eicosyloxy.

[0017] Halogen is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine.

[0018] Preference is given to the use of compounds of formula (1) or (2) wherein

[0019] R₁ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkylcarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkoxyarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylmino or by nitro,

[0020] R₂ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; C₂-C₂₀alkenyloxy; C₂-C₂₀alkynyloxy; halo cyano; C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl; nitro; trifluoromethyl; or pentafluoroethyl;

[0021] R₃ and R₄ are each independently of the other hydrogen; or C₁-C₂₀alkyl; or R₃ and R₄ denote a C₂-C₂₀alkylene radical; a C₂-C₂₀alkenylene radical; a C₄-C₂₀alkynylene radical; or a C₃-C₂₀alkylene radical interrupted by —N(R₆)—, it being possible for such bivalent radicals to be further substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₂-C₂₀-alkenyl, C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₂₀alkynyl, C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, or phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro;

[0022] R₅ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro;

[0023] R₆ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluorom thyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro;

[0024] Q is —SO₂—; —O—; or —(CO)—;

[0025] X is —CH—; or —N—;

[0026] m is from 1 to 3; and

[0027] t is 0 or 1.

[0028] In formula (1)

[0029] R₁ is preferably hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl, and is especially hydrogen; or C₁-C₅alkyl.

[0030] Preference is given also to compounds of formula (1) wherein

[0031] R₂ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; or halogen and is especially hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; C₁-C₅alkoxy; or halogen.

[0032] Very special preference is given to compounds of formula

[0033] wherein

[0034] R₁ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀-alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkylcarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkoxyarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylmino or by nitro,

[0035] R₂ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; C₂-C₂₀alkenyloxy; C₂-C₂₀alkynyloxy; halogen; cyano; C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl; nitro; trifluoromethyl; or pentafluoroethyl;

[0036] R₅ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro;

[0037] R₆ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkeny alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₇alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro;

[0038] Q is —SO₂—; —O—; or —(CO)—;

[0039] T₁ is C₂-C₂₀calkylene; C₂-C₂₀alkenylene; C₄-C₂₀alkynylene; or C₃-C₂₀alkylene interrupted by

[0040] X is —CH—; or —N—;

[0041] s is from 1 to 4; and

[0042] t is 0 or 1.

[0043] Preference is given to compounds of formula (3) or (4) wherein

[0044] T₁ is a —(CH₂)₂₋₁₂— radical and

[0045] R₆ is hydrogen; or C₁-C₅alkyl,

[0046] and especially to compounds of formula (3) or (4) wherein

[0047] T₁ is a —(CH₂)₃—, —(CH₂)₄—, —(CH₂)₅—, or —(CH₂)₁₀— radical; and

[0048] R₆ is hydrogen; or C₁-C₅alkyl.

[0049] R₅ in formula (1) is preferably hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl; and more especially hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; or phenyl.

[0050] More especially preferred compounds according to the invention correspond to formula

[0051] wherein

[0052] R₆′ and R₆″ are each independently of the other hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₇alkoxy-carbonyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro;

[0053] T₁ is

[0054]  and

[0055] R₁, R₂, R₅, R₆ and X are as defined for formula (3).

[0056] In formulae (5) and (6) preferably

[0057] R₆′, R₆″ and R₆ are each independently of the others hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl; phenyl; or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl.

[0058] Special preference is given to compounds of formula (5) and (6) wherein R₆′ and R₆″ and R₆ are each independently of the others hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; C₁-C₇ alkoxycarbonyl; phenyl or benzyl.

[0059] Further preferred compounds according to the invention correspond to formula

[0060] wherein

[0061] R₁ is hydrogen; or C₁-C₅alkyl;

[0062] R₂ is hydrogen; C₁-C₄alkyl; Cl or Br,

[0063] R₅ is hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; or phenyl

[0064] R₆′ and R₆″ are each independently of the other hydrogen, C₁-C₅alkyl; or C₁-C₇alkoxy-carbonyl;

[0065] R₆ is hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl; or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl;

[0066] T₁ is

[0067]  and

[0068] X is —CH—.

[0069] Compounds according to the invention are listed in Tables 1 a and b below by way of example: TABLE 1a General structural formula

Compound of formula R₁ R₂

R₅ Yield [surfaces %] 9 H H —(CH₂)₄— Ph 92 10 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₄— Ph 75 11 Me H —(CH₂)₄— Ph 68 12 H H —(CH₂)₃— Ph 93 13 H H

Ph 67 14 H H —(CH₂)₅— Ph 92 15 H H

Ph 79 16 H H —(CH₂)₄— H 48 17 H H —(CH₂)₄— Et 55 18 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₃— Ph 96 19 H 7-Br

Ph 83 20 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₅— Ph 68 21 Me H —(CH₂)₃— Ph 95 22 Me H

Ph 64 23 Me H —(CH₂)₅— Ph 75 24 Me H

Ph 38 25 H H —(CH₂)₃— H 86 26 H H

H 95 27 H H —(CH₂)₅— H 68 28 H H

H 88 29 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₄— H 92 30 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₃— H 90 31 H 7-Br

H 41 32 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₅— H 79 33 H 7-Br

H 44 34 Me H —(CH₂)₄— H 77 35 Me H —(CH₂)₃— H 95 36 Me H

H 84 37 Me H —(CH₂)₅— H 87 38 H H —(CH₂)₃— Et 91 39 H H

Et 66 40 H H —(CH₂)₅— Et 89 41 H H

Et 57 42 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₄— Et 85 43 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₃— Et 90 44 H 7-Br

Et 47 45 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₅— Et 51 46 H 7-Br

Et 91 47 Me H —(CH₂)₄— Et 94 48 Me H —(CH₂)₃— Et 95 49 Me H

Et 80 50 Me H —(CH₂)₅— Et 90 51 H 9-Et —(CH₂)₄— Ph 95 52 H H

Ph 96 53 H H isopropyl Ph 59 54 H H

H 19 55 H H

H 85 56 H H

H 44 57 H H

H 65 58 H H

H 62 59 H H

H 49 60 H H

H 37 61 H H —(CH₂)₁₀— H 90 62 H H —(CH₂)₆— H 63 63 H H

H 81 64 H H isopropyl H 28 65 H H Me H 62 66 H H Et H 58 67 H H

H 58 68 H 7-Br

H 93 69 H 7-Br

H 93 70 H 7-Br

H 90 71 H 7-Br

H 93 72 H 7-Br

H 94 73 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₆— H 33 74 H 9-Et —(CH₂)₄— H 68 75 H 9-Et —(CH₂)₃— H 91 76 H 9-Et

H 99 77 H 9-Et —(CH₂)₅— H 93 78 H 9-Et

H 82 79 H 9-Et

H 56 80 H 9-Et

H 78 81 H 9-Et

H 36 82 H 9-Et

H 63 83 H 9-Et

H 74 84 H 9-Et

H 91 85 H 9-Et

H 64 86 H 9-Et

H 39 87 H 9-Et

H 26 88 H 9-Et —(CH₂)₁₀— H 64 89 H 9-Et —(CH₂)₆— H 86 90 H 9-Et

H 63 91 H 7-MeO —(CH₂)₄— H 93 92 H 7-MeO —(CH₂)₃— H 93 93 H 7-MeO

H 56 94 H 7-MeO —(CH₂)₅— H 71 95 H 7-MeO

H 10 96 H 7-MeO

H 88 97 H 7-MeO

H 22 98 H 7-MeO

H 76 99 H 7-MeO

H 60 100 H 7-MeO

H 83 101 H 7-MeO

H 94 102 H 7-MeO

H 79 103 H 7-MeO

H 74 104 H 7-MeO

H 84 105 H 7-MeO

H 80 106 H 7-MeO —(CH₂)₁₀— H 93 107 H 7-MeO —(CH₂)₆— H 34 108 H 7-MeO

H 27 109 H H —(CH₂)₄— Me 54 110 H H —(CH₂)₃— Me 81 111 H H

Me 98 112 H H —(CH₂)₅— Me 93 113 H H

Me 47 114 H H

Me 86 115 H H

Me 16 116 H H

Me 64 117 H H

Me 98 118 H H

Me 87 119 H H

Me 98 120 H H

Me 98 121 H H

Me 83 122 H H

Me 93 123 H H

Me 89 124 H H —(CH₂)₁₀— Me 95 125 H H —(CH₂)₆— Me 43 126 H H

Me 98 127 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₄— Me 92 128 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₃— Me 94 129 H 7-Br

Me 99 130 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₅— Me 76 131 H 7-Br

Me 69 132 H 7-Br

Me 97 133 H 7-Br

Me 22 134 H 7-Br

Me 92 135 H 7-Br

Me 95 136 H 7-Br

Me 69 137 H 7-Br

Me 84 138 H 7-Br

Me 75 139 H 7-Br

Me 87 140 H 7-Br

Me 16 141 H 7-Br

Me 73 142 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₁₀— Me 81 143 H 7-Br —(CH₂)₆— Me 97 144 H 7-Br

Me 92 145 H 9-Et —(CH₂)₄— Me 97 146 H 9-Et —(CH₂)₃— Me 97 147 H 9-Et

Me 46 148 H 9-Et —(CH₂)₅— Me 88 149 H 9-Et

Me 5 150 H 9-Et

Me 32 151 H 9-Et

Me 31 152 H 9-Et

Me 85 153 H 9-Et

Me 87 154 H 9-Et

Me 92 155 H 9-Et

Me 93 156 H 9-Et Me 27 157 H 9-Et

Me 73 158 H 9-Et

Me 79 159 H 9-Et

Me 13 160 H 9-Et

Me 81 161 H 9-Et —(CH₂)₁₀— Me 98 162 H 9-Et —(CH₂)₆— Me 97 163 H 9-Et

Me 55 164 H 7-MeO —(CH₂)₄— Me 58 165 H 7-MeO —(CH₂)₃— Me 54 166 H 7-MeO

Me 93 167 H 7-MeO —(CH₂)₅— Me 96 168 H 7-MeO

Me 7 169 H 7-MeO

Me 82 170 H 7-MeO

Me 36 171 H 7-MeO

Me 71 172 H 7-MeO

Me 29 173 H 7-MeO

Me 80 174 H 7-MeO

Me 68 175 H 7-MeO

Me 95 176 H 7-MeO

Me 79 177 H 7-MeO

Me 89 178 H 7-MeO

Me 72 179 H 7-MeO —(CH₂)₁₀— Me 73 180 H 7-MeO —(CH₂)₆— Me 27 181 H 7-MeO

Me 95

[0070] TABLE 1b General structural formula

Compound of formula R₁ R₂ R₂′

R₄ Yield [surfaces %] 182 —H —H —H

—H 89 183 —H —H —H

—H 56 184 —H —H —H

—H 95 185 —H —H —H —(CH₂)₁₃— —H 82 186 —H 6-Me —H

—H 93 187 —H 6-OMe —H —(CH₂)₅— —H 90 188 —H 6-OMe —H —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 50 189 —H

—H —(CH₂)₅— —H 85 190 —H

—H

—H 40 191 —H 7-F —H —(CH₂)₅— —H 88 192 —H 7-F —H —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 93 193 —H 7-F —H

—H 94 194 —H 7-Me —H —(CH₂)₅— —H 81 195 —H 7-Me —H —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 96 196 —H 8-Cl —H —(CH₂)₆— —H 87 197 —H 8-Cl —H —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 44 198 —H 8-Cl —H —(CH₂)₂— —H 97 199 —H 8-Cl —H

—H 99 200 —H 6-COOMe —H —(CH₂)₂— —H 66 201 —H 6-COOMe —H

—H 82 202 —H 8-Me —H —(CH₂)₅— —H 76 203 —H 8-Me —H

—H 82 204 —H 8-F —H —(CH₂)₅— —H 76 205 —H 8-F —H —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 56 206 —H 8-F —H —(CH₂)₂— —H 75 207 —H 8-F —H

—H 90 208 —H 9-F —H —(CH₂)₅— —H 93 209 —H 9-F —H —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 30 210 —H 9-F —H —(CH₂)₂— —H 89 211 —H 9-F —H

—H 99 212 —H 8-CF₃ —H —(CH₂)₅— —H 42 213 —H 8-CF₃ —H —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 40 214 —H 8-CF₃ —H —(CH₂)₂— —H 61 215 —H 8-CF₃ —H

—H 71 216 —H 7-F 8-F —(CH₂)₅— —H 68 217 —H 7-F 8-F —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 90 218 —H 7-F 8-F —(CH₂)₂— —H 87 219 —H 7-F 8-F

—H 98 220 —H 9-Me —H —(CH₂)₅— —H 95 221 —H 9-Me —H —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 97 222 —H 9-Me —H

—H 75 223 —H 6-Cl —H —(CH₂)₂— —H 95 224 —H 6-Cl —H

—H 91 225 —H 6-F —H —(CH₂)₂— —H 94 226 —H 6-F —H

—H 97 227 —H 9-OMe —H —(CH₂)₅— —H 93 228 —H 9-OMe —H —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 90 229 —H 9-OMe —H

—H 98 230 —H 8-OMe —H —(CH₂)₅— —H 84 231 —H 8-OMe —H

—H 96 232 —H 7-COOMe —H —(CH₂)₅— —H 87 233 —H 7-COOMe —H —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 83 234 —H 7-COOMe —H —(CH₂)₂— —H 54 235 —H 7-COOMe —H

—H 57 236 —H 7-OMe 8-OMe —(CH₂)₅— —H 99 237 —H 7-OMe 8-OMe —(CH₂)₁₀— —H 69 238 —H 7-OMe 8-OMe

—H 58

[0071] The preparation of the tetrahydrocarbazoles according to the invention is carried out according to widely known methods in a 3-component reaction, as described in the publication by W. Noland et al., J. Heterocycl. Chem., 1993, 30, 81-91.

[0072] For that purpose, mixtures of a (substituted) indole, ketone or aldehyde and a dienophile are reacted in a suitable solvent, e.g. 1-butanol, toluene, DMF, DMSO or Tetralin, using acid catalysts, e.g. hydrochloric acid, trifluoroacetic acid, toluenesulfonic acid, etc. The ketone or aldehyde component can also serve as solvent. The mixture is heated for several hours at a temperature of from 50° C. to 140° C. The resulting tetrahydrocarbazoles are filtered off and washed, or precipitated from the solvent with cold n-hexane and filtered off. Some of the substances are also obtained by concentrating the reaction mixture by evaporation.

[0073] The course of the reaction can be represented schematically as follows:

[0074] The tetrahydrocarbazoles obtained in that manner are generally obtained in the form of race-mates and are mainly in the cis stereochemical form. Some compounds also form trans stereochemical isomers.

[0075] The invention relates also to the process for the preparation of those compounds.

[0076] The tetrahydrocarbazoles according to the invention exhibit pronounced antimicrobial activity, especially against pathogenic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and against bacteria of the skin flora, and also against yeasts and moulds. They are accordingly especially suitable for disinfection, deodorisation, and for the general and antimicrobial treatment of the skin and mucosa, and integumentary appendages (hair), especially for the disinfection of hands and wounds.

[0077] The compounds are accordingly suitable as antimicrobial active ingredients and as preservatives in personal care preparations, such as shampoos, bath additives, hair care products, liquid and solid soaps (based on synthetic surfactants and salts of saturated and/or unsaturated fatty acids), lotions and creams, deodorants, other aqueous or alcoholic solutions, e.g. cleansing solutions for the skin, moist wipes, oils or powders.

[0078] The invention accordingly relates also to a personal care preparation comprising at least one compound of formula (1) or (2) and cosmetically tolerable carriers or adjuvants.

[0079] The personal care preparation according to the invention contains from 0.01 to 15% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 10% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a compound of formula (1) or (2) and cosmetically tolerable adjuvants.

[0080] Depending upon the form of the personal care preparation, it comprises, in addition to the compound of formula (1) or (2), further constituents, such as sequestering agents, colourings, perfume oils, thickening or solidifying agents (consistency regulators), emollients, UV-absorbers, skin protective agents, antioxidants, additives that improve the mechanical properties, such as dicarboxylic acids and/or aluminium, zinc, calcium or magnesium salts of C₁₄-C₂₂ fatty acids and, optionally, preservatives.

[0081] The personal care preparation according to the invention may be in the form of a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion, an alcoholic or alcohol-containing formulation, a vesicular dispersion of an ionic or non-ionic amphiphilic lipid, a gel, a solid stick or an aerosol formulation.

[0082] As a water-in-oil or oil-in-water emulsion the cosmetically tolerable adjuvant contains preferably from 5 to 50% of an oil phase, from 5 to 20% of an emulsifier and from 30 to 90% water. The oil phase may comprise any oil suitable for cosmetic formulations, for example one or more hydrocarbon oils, a wax, a natural oil, a silicone oil, a fatty acid ester or a fatty alcohol.

[0083] Preferred mono- or poly-ols are ethanol, isopropanol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, glycerol and sorbitol.

[0084] Cosmetic formulations according to the invention are used in various fields. There come into consideration, for example, especially the following preparations:

[0085] skin-care preparations, e.g. skin-washing and cleansing preparations in the form of tablet-form or liquid soaps, synthetic detergents or washing pastes,

[0086] bath preparations, e.g. liquid (foam baths, milks, shower preparations) or solid bath preparations, e.g. bath cubes and bath salts;

[0087] skin-care preparations, e.g. skin emulsions, multi-emulsions or skin oils;

[0088] cosmetic personal care preparations, e.g. facial make-up in the form of day creams or powder creams, face powder (loose or compressed), rouge or cream make-up, eyecare preparations, e.g. eyeshadow preparations, mascara, eyeliner, eyecreams or eye-fix creams; lip-care preparations, e.g. lipsticks, lip gloss, lip contour pencils, nail-care preparations, such as nail varnish, nail varnish removers, nail hardeners or cuticle removers;

[0089] intimate hygiene preparations, e.g. intimate washing lotions or intimate sprays;

[0090] foot-care preparations, e.g. foot baths, foot powders, foot creams or foot balsams, special deodorants and antiperspirants or callus-removing preparations;

[0091] light-protective preparations, such as sun milks, lotions, creams, oils, sun-blocks or tropicals, pre-tanning preparations or after-sun preparations;

[0092] skin-tanning preparations, e.g. self-tanning creams;

[0093] depigmenting preparations, e.g. preparations for bleaching the skin or skin-lightening preparations;

[0094] insect repellents, e.g. insect-repellent oils, lotions, sprays or sticks;

[0095] deodorants, such as deodorant sprays, pump-action sprays, deodorant gels, sticks or roll-ons;

[0096] antiperspirants, e.g. antiperspirant sticks, creams or roll-ons;

[0097] preparations for cleansing and caring for blemished skin, e.g. synthetic detergents (solid or liquid), peeling or scrub preparations or peeling masks;

[0098] hair-removal preparations in chemical form (depilation), e.g. hair-removing powders, liquid hair-removing preparations, cream- or paste-form hair-removing preparations, hair-removing preparations in gel form or aerosol foams;

[0099] shaving preparations, e.g. shaving soap, foaming shaving creams, non-foaming shaving creams, foams and gels, preshave preparations for dry shaving, aftershaves or aftershave lotions;

[0100] fragrance preparations, e.g. fragrances (eau de Cologne, eau de toilette, eau de perfume, perfume de toilette, perfume), perfume oils or perfume creams;

[0101] dental care, denture-care and mouth-care preparations, e.g. toothpastes, gel toothpastes, tooth powders, mouthwash concentrates, anti-plaque mouthwashes, denture cleaners or denture fixatives;

[0102] cosmetic hair-treatment preparations, e.g. hair-washing preparations in the form of shampoos and conditioners, hair-care preparations, e.g. pre-treatment preparations, hair tonics, styling creams, styling gels, pomades, hair rinses, treatment packs, intensive hair treatments, hair-structuring preparations, e.g. hair-waving preparations for permanent waves (hot wave, mild wave, cold wave), hair-straightening preparations, liquid hairsetting preparations, hair foams, hairsprays, bleaching preparations, e.g. hydrogen peroxide solutions, lightening shampoos, bleaching creams, bleaching powders, bleaching pastes or oils, temporary, semi-permanent or permanent hair colourants, preparations containing self-oxidising dyes, or natural hair colourants, such as henna or camomile.

[0103] An antimicrobial soap has, for example, the following composition:

[0104] 0.01 to 5% by weight of a compound of formula (1) or (2),

[0105] 0.3 to 1% by weight titanium dioxide,

[0106] 1 to 10% by weight stearic acid,

[0107] ad 100% soap base, e.g. a sodium salt of tallow fatty acid or coconut fatty acid, or glycerol.

[0108] A shampoo has, for example, the following composition:

[0109] 0.01 to 5% by weight of a compound of formula (1) or (2),

[0110] 12.0% by weight sodium laureth-2-sulfate,

[0111] 4.0% by weight cocamidopropylbetaine,

[0112] 3.0% by weight NaCl and

[0113] water ad 100%.

[0114] A deodorant has, for example, the following composition:

[0115] 0.01 to 5% by weight of a compound of formula (1) or (2),

[0116] 60% by weight ethanol,

[0117] 0.3% by weight perfume oil, and

[0118] water ad 100%.

[0119] The invention relates also to an oral composition comprising

[0120] 0.01 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a compound of formula (1) or (2), and orally tolerable adjuvants.

[0121] Example of an oral composition:

[0122] 10% by weight sorbitol,

[0123] 10% by weight glycerol,

[0124] 15% by weight ethanol,

[0125] 15% by weight propylene glycol,

[0126] 0.5% by weight sodium lauryl sulfate,

[0127] 0.25% by weight sodium methylcocyl taurate,

[0128] 0.25% by weight polyoxypropylene/polyoxyethylene block copolymer,

[0129] 0.10% by weight peppermint flavouring,

[0130] 0.1 to 0.5% by weight of a compound of formula (1) or (2) and

[0131] 48.6% by weight water.

[0132] The oral composition according to the invention may be, for example, in the form of a gel, a paste, a cream or an aqueous preparation (mouthwash).

[0133] The oral composition according to the invention may also comprise compounds that release fluoride ions which are effective against the formation of caries, for example inorganic fluoride salts, e.g. sodium, potassium, ammonium or calcium fluoride or organic fluoride salts, e.g. amine fluorides, which are known under the trade name Olafluor.

[0134] The tetrahydrocarbazoles of formula (1) or (2) used according to the invention are also suitable for treating, especially preserving, textile fibre materials. Such materials are undyed and dyed or printed fibre materials, e.g. of silk, wool, polyamide or polyurethanes, and especially cellulosic fibre materials of all kinds. Such fibre materials are, for example, natural cellulose fibres, such as cotton, linen, jute and hemp, as well as cellulose and regenerated cellulose. Preferred suitable textile fibre materials are made of cotton.

[0135] The tetrahydrocarbazoles according to the invention are suitable also for treating, especially imparting antimicrobial properties to or preserving, plastics, e.g. polyethylene, polypropylene, polyurethane, polyester, polyamide, polycarbonate, latex, etc. Fields of use therefore are, for example, floor coverings, plastics coatings, plastics container and packaging materials; kitchen and bathroom utensils (e.g. brushes, shower curtains, sponges, bathmats), latex, filter materials (air and water filters), plastics articles used in the field of medicine, e.g. dressing materials, syringes, catheters, etc., so-called “medical devices”, gloves and mattresses.

[0136] Paper, for example papers used for hygiene purposes, may also be provided with antimicrobial properties using the tetrahydrocarbazoles according to the invention.

[0137] It is also possible for nonwovens, e.g. nappies/diapers, sanitary towels, panty liners, and cloths for hygiene and household uses, to be provided with antimicrobial properties in accordance with the invention.

[0138] The tetrahydrocarbazoles of formula (1) or (2) are also used in washing and cleaning formulations, e.g. in liquid or powder washing agents or softeners.

[0139] The tetrahydrocarbazoles of formula (1) or (2) can be used especially in household and general-purpose cleaners for cleaning and disinfecting hard surfaces.

[0140] A cleaning preparation has, for example, the following composition: 0.01 to 5% of a compound of formula (1) or (2), 3.0% octyl alcohol 4EO, 1.3% fatty alcohol C₈-C₁₀ polyglucoside, 3.0% isopropanol, ad 100% water.

[0141] In addition to preserving cosmetic and household products, the preservation of technical products, the provision of technical products with antimicrobial properties and use as a biocide in technical processes are also possible, for example in paper treatment, especially in paper treatment liquors, print thickeners of starch or of cellulose derivatives, surface coatings and paints.

[0142] The tetrahydrocarbazoles of formula (1) or (2) according to the invention are suitable also for the antimicrobial treatment of wood and for the antimicrobial treatment of leather, the preservation of leather and the provision of leather with antimicrobial properties.

[0143] The compounds according to the invention are also suitable for the protection of cosmetic products and household products from microbial damage.

[0144] The tetrahydrocarbazoles according to the invention are suitable also as medicaments for the treatment of bacterial infections for oral, intravenous, subcutaneous or parenteral administration of the active ingredient.

[0145] The invention accordingly relates also to a medicament comprising a compound of formula (1) or (2) and therapeutically tolerable adjuvants, for the treatment of bacterial infections.

[0146] The following Examples illustrate the invention.

[0147] General Procedure for the Preparation of the Tetrahydrocarbazoles According to the Invention:

[0148] The appropriate (substituted) indole (compound (I)) (1 mmol) is dissolved with (substituted) maleimide (compound (IV) (1.2 mmol) and an aldehyde/ketone (compound (II) (2 mmol) in 1-butanol (1 ml).

[0149] There is then added to the mixture aqueous hydrochloric acid (2N; 50 μl; 0.1 mmol) or, in the case of piperidones, concentrated hydrochloric acid (32%; 220 μl; 1.1 mmol). The mixture is then heated at 95° C. for 3 hours.

[0150] After cooling to 25° C., the resulting tetrahydrocarbazole (compound (1)) is precipitated with n-hexane (3 ml).

[0151] After filtration, the filtrate is cooled to 5° C. in order to obtain further crystals. The combined crystals are washed with n-hexane/ethyl acetate and dried in vacuo.

[0152] All the compounds, that is to say the compounds of formulae (9) to (181), are characterised by LC-MS (for yields, see Table 1). Some of the compounds are analysed by NMR spectroscopy. The compounds are obtained in the form of mixtures of isomers (racemates or exo/endo isomers).

PREPARATION EXAMPLES Example 1 10-Bromo-3a,3b,4,5,6,7,8,8a,13,13b-decahydro-1H-cyclohepta[c]pyrrolo-[3,4-a]carbazole-1.3(2H)-dione (compound of formula (32)

[0153]

[0154] Yield: 72%

[0155] LC-MS: [M+H]⁺=386 (⁷⁹Br)

[0156] NMR Data:

[0157] For reasons of clarity, the numbering used is not in accordance with IUPAC.

Assignment d¹H [ppm] d¹³C [ppm] OC-1 — 176.5 HN-1 approx. 11 — OC-3 — 180.4 HC-4 3.40 44.1 HC-5 2.32 37.6 H₂C-6 1.82 28.1 1.58 H₂C-7 1.88 30.4 1.28 H₂C-8 1.74 24.2 1.41 H₂C-9 2.39 27.3 1.81 H₂C-10 1.73 30.4 HC-11 3.12 35.5 C-12 — 114.1 C-13 — 127.6 HC-14 7.48 120.3 C-15 — 111.0 HC-16 7.16 123.6 HC-17 7.31 113.5 C18 — 135.7 HN-19 11.11  — C-20 — 128.8 HC-21 4.09 41.6

Example 2 2,6-Dimethyl-3b,4,5,6,7,7a,12,12b-octahydrobenzo[c]pyrrolo[3.4 a]carbazole-1,3(2H,3aH)-dione (compound of formula (117))

[0158]

[0159] Yield: 79%

[0160] LC-MS: [M+H]⁺=322

[0161] NMR Data:

[0162] For reasons of clarity, the numbering used is not in accordance with IUPAC.

Isomer A Isomer B Assignment δ¹H [ppm] δ¹³C [ppm] δ¹H [ppm] δ¹³C [ppm] OC-1 — 175.6^(a) — 175.9^(b) CH₃—N-2 2.81 24.4 2.72 24.2 OC-3 — 178.6^(a) — 177.7^(b) HC-4 3.44 43.9 3.45 44.3 HC-5 2.35 33.8 1.58 40.8 H₂C-6 1.99 26.1 2.33 29.2 1.73 1.83 H₂C-7 1.85 30.2 1.80 35.1 1.51 0.96 H₂C-8 1.67 30.8 1.58 31.7 H₃C-9 0.79 21.8 0.96 22.5 H₂C-10 1.86 37.7 2.84 40.0 0.96 0.91 HC-11 3.02 33.6 2.56 34.9 C-12 — 113.9 — 113.4 C-13 — 125.8 — 125.5 HC-14 7.46 118.2^(c) 7.61 119.9^(c) HC-15 6.93 118.3 6.89 118.3 HC-16 7.02^(d) 120.9 7.00^(d) 120.7 HC-17 7.34 111.4 7.32 111.4 C18 — 136.9 — 136.9 HN-19 10.94 — 11.06 — C-20 — 126.6 — 127.6 HC-21 4.21 43.8 4.23 42.3

Example 3 9-Bromo-6-methyl-3b,4,5,6,7,7a,12,12b-octahydrobenzo[c]pyrrolo-[3,4-a]carbazole-1,3(2H,3aH)-dione (compound of formula (70))

[0163]

[0164] Yield: 71%

[0165] LC-MS: [M+H]⁺=386 (⁷⁹Br)

Isomer A Isomer B Assignment δ¹H [ppm] δ¹³C [ppm] δ¹H [ppm] δ¹³C [ppm] OC-1 — 175.6^(a) — 175.9^(b) CH₃—N-2 2.81 24.4 2.72 24.2 OC-3 — 178.6^(a) — 177.7^(b) HC-4 3.44 43.9 3.45 44.3 HC-5 2.35 33.8 1.58 40.8 H₂C-6 1.99 26.1 2.33 29.2 1.73 1.83 H₂C-7 1.85 30.2 1.80 35.1 1.51 0.96 H₂C-8 1.67 30.8 1.58 31.7 H₃C-9 0.79 21.8 0.96 22.5 H₂C-10 1.86 37.7 2.84 40.0 0.96 0.91 HC-11 3.02 33.6 2.56 34.9 C-12 — 113.9 — 113.4 C-13 — 125.8 — 125.5 HC-14 7.46 118.2^(c) 7.61 119.9^(c) HC-15 6.93 118.3 6.89 118.3 HC-16  7.02^(d) 120.9  7.00^(d) 120.7 HC-17 7.34 111.4 7.32 111.4 C18 — 136.9 — 136.9 HN-19 10.94  — 11.06  — C-20 — 126.6 — 127.6 HC-21 4.21 43.8 4.23 42.3

Example 3 9-Bromo-6-methyl-3b,4,5,6,7,7a,12,12b-octahydrobenzo[c]pyrrolo-[3,4-a]carbazole-1,3(2H,3aH)-dione (compound of formula (70))

[0166]

[0167] Yield: 71%

[0168] LC-MS: [M+H]⁺386 (79Br)

[0169] NMR Data:

[0170] For reasons of clarity, the numbering used is not in accordance with IUPAC. Assignment δ¹H [ppm] δ¹³C [ppm] OC-1 — 176.8 HN-1 11.06  — OC-3 — 179.1 HC-4 3.43 ? HC-5 1.50 40.6 H₂C-6 2.26 29.1 1.75 H₂C-7 1.76 35.1 0.94 H₂C-8 1.56 31.7 H₃C-9 0.96 22.6 H₂C-10 2.75 39.7 0.85 HC-11 2.57 34.7 C-12 — 113.2 C-13 — 127.3 HC-14 7.76 121.8 C-15 — 110.8 HC-16 7.13 123.1 HC-17 7.29 113.3 C18 — 135.5 HN-19 11.26  — C-20 — 129.8 HC-21 4.14 42.9

[0171] The remaining compounds listed in Table 1 can be prepared in analogous manner.

[0172] 4. Microbiological Test Results

[0173] Nutrient:

[0174] Casein/soybean flour peptone bouillon for the preparation of pre-cultures of the test bacteria and yeast.

[0175] Mycological slant agar for the pre-culture of moulds

[0176] Examples of Test Organisms: Staphylococcus hominis DMS 20328 Staphylococcus epidermidis Escherichia coli NCTC 8196 ATCC 12228 Corynebacterium xerosis ATCC 373 P. ovale ATCC 14521 Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541 Actinomyces viscosus DSM 43329 Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 Porphyromonas gingivalis DSM 20709 Candida albicans ATCC 10259 Selenomonas artemidis ATCC 43528 Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant) NCTC Streptococcus mutans ATOC 25175 11940 Streptococcus sobrinus DSM 20742 Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant) Epidermophyton floccosum DSM 10709 NCTC 12493 Staphylococcus aureus (penicillin-resistant) Tr. mentagrophytes ATCC 9533 NCTC 10443 Trichophyton rubrum DSM 4167 Staphylococcus aureus (rifampicin-resistant) Trichoderma longibrachiatum NCTC 10703 DSM 768 Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 25746 Aspergillus niger ATCC 6175

[0177] Procedure:

[0178] The test substances are predissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and tested in a dilution series of 1:2.

[0179] Bacteria and yeast are cultured overnight in CASO bouillon, the mould is cultured over-night on mycological slant agar, and washed off with 10 ml of 0.85% sodium chloride solution (+0.1% TritonX-100).

[0180] All the test organisms are adjusted to an organism count of 1-5×10⁶ CFU/ml using 0.85% sodium chloride solution.

[0181] The test substances are pre-pipetted into microtitre plates in an amount of 8 μl per well.

[0182] Pre-diluted organism suspensions are diluted 1:100 in CASO bouillon (bacteria and yeast) or Sabouraud 2% glucose bouillon (mould) and are added in an amount of 192 μl per well to the test substances.

[0183] The test batches are incubated for 48 hours at 37° C. (bacteria and yeast) or for 5 days at 28° C. (mould).

[0184] After incubation, the growth is evaluated by reference to the turbidity of the test batches (optical density) at 620 nm in a microplate reader.

[0185] The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC value) is the concentration of substance at which (compared with the growth of the control) an appreciable inhibition of growth (≦20% growth) of the test organisms is ascertained.

[0186] One microtitre plate is used for each test organism and substance concentration. All the substances are tested in duplicate.

[0187] The results are compiled in Table 2: TABLE 2 Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in ppm of the compounds synthesised against Staphylococcus hominis DMS 20328 and Escherichia coli Compound MIC [ppm] MIC [ppm] Compound MIC [ppm] MIC [ppm] of formula S. hominis E. coli of formula S. hominis E. coli 9 >36 >36 30 >120 >120 10 >48 >48 31 15 >120 11 >120 >120 32 3.75 >120 12 >120 >120 33 30 60 13 >120 >120 34 >120 >120 14 >120 >120 35 >120 >120 15 >120 >120 36 >120 >120 16 >120 >120 37 >120 >120 17 >120 >120 38 >120 >120 18 >120 >120 39 >120 >120 19 >120 >120 40 >120 >120 20 >120 >120 41 >120 >120 21 >120 >120 42 >120 >120 22 >120 >120 43 >120 >120 23 >64 >64 44 >120 >120 24 >120 >120 45 >120 >120 25 >120 >120 46 120 120 26 15 >120 47 >120 >120 27 60 >120 48 >120 >120 28 >120 >120 49 >120 >120 29 15 >120 50 >120 >120 51 >120 >120 80 120 >120 52 >120 >120 81 60 120 53 >120 >120 82 30 >120 54 >120 >120 83 >120 >120 55 >120 >120 84 120 >120 56 30 >120 85 >120 >120 57 >120 >120 86 120 >120 58 30 >120 87 15 120 59 >120 >120 88 >120 >120 60 120 >120 89 7.5 >120 61 3.75 >120 90 >120 >120 62 15 >120 91 >120 >120 63 7.5 >120 92 >120 >120 64 120 >120 93 60 >120 65 120 >120 94 >120 >120 66 >120 >120 95 >120 >120 67 >120 >120 96 >120 >120 68 >120 >120 97 120 >120 69 120 >120 98 >120 >120 70 15 >120 99 120 >120 71 60 >120 100 120 >120 72 120 >120 101 >120 >120 731 60 >120 102 60 >120 74 60 >120 103 >120 >120 75 30 >120 104 >120 >120 76 >120 >120 105 >120 >120 77 15 >120 106 3.75 >120 78 60 >120 107 120 >120 79 120 >120 108 >120 >120 109 >120 >120 138 >120 >120 110 120 >120 139 >120 >120 111 60 >120 140 120 >120 112 >120 >120 141 >120 >120 113 >120 >120 142 >120 >120 114 >120 >120 143 >120 >120 115 60 >120 144 >120 >120 116 120 >120 145 >120 >120 117 >120 >120 146 >120 >120 118 >120 >120 147 >120 >120 119 >120 >120 148 >120 >120 120 30 >120 149 120 120 121 >120 >120 150 >120 >120 122 >120 >120 151 >120 >120 123 >120 120 152 120 >120 124 >120 >120 153 >120 >120 125 >120 >120 154 >120 >120 126 >120 >120 155 >120 >120 127 60 >120 156 >120 >120 128 >120 >120 157 >120 >120 129 >120 >120 158 >120 >120 130 15 >120 159 7.5 120 131 >120 120 160 120 120 132 >120 >120 161 >120 >120 133 120 >120 162 120 >120 134 120 >120 163 >120 >120 135 >120 >120 164 >120 >120 136 >120 >120 165 120 >120 137 >120 >120 166 >120 >120 167 >120 >120 168 >120 >120 169 >120 >120 170 >120 >120 171 >120 >120 172 >120 >120 173 >120 >120 174 30 >120 175 >120 >120 176 >120 >120 177 120 120 178 >120 >120 179 >120 >120 180 >120 >120 181 >120 >120

[0188] TABLE 3 Further minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in ppm of selected compounds (MIC values in ppm) Compound of formula Microorganism 61 63 70 87 89 106 Staphylococcus hominis DSM 3.75 7.5 15 15 7.5 3.75 20328 Staphylococcus epidermidis ≦3.75 ≦3.75 15 15 ≦3.75 ≦3.75 ATCC 12228 Corynebacterium xerosis ≦3.75 ≦3.75 7.5 7.5 ≦3.75 ≦3.75 ATCC 373 Enterococcus hirae 7.5 7.5 60 30 >120 >120 ATCC 10541 Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 ≦3.75 ≦3.75 15 15 ≦3.75 ≦3.75 Candida albicans ATCC 10259 >120 >120 >120 >120 >120 >120

[0189] TABLE 4 Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) in ppm of compound (32) against methicillin, penicillin-resistant Staphylococci and other microorganisms >(MIC values in ppm) Compound of formula (32) Microorganism Microorganism Staphylococus aureus ATCC 9144 5.0 ppm P. ovale ATCC 14521  >10 ppm Staphylococcus hominis DSM 20328 5.0 ppm Actinomyces viscosus 6.25 ppm DSM 43329 Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin- 5.0 ppm Porphyromonas gingivalis 3.125 ppm  resistant) NCTC 11940 DSM 20709 Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin- 5.0 ppm Selenomonas artemidis 50.0 ppm resistant) NCTC 12493 ATCC 43528 Staphylococcus aureus (penicillin- 5.0 ppm Streptococcus mutans  5.0 ppm resistant) NCTC 10443 ATCC 25175 Staphylococcus aureus (rifampicin- 5.0 ppm Streptococcus sobrinus 6.25 ppm resistant) NCTC 10703 DSM 20742 S. epidermidis ATCC 12228  10 ppm Candida albicans ATCC  >10 ppm 10259 Corynebacterium xerosis ATCC 373 5.0 ppm Epidermophyton floccosum  5.0 ppm DSM 10709 Micrococcus luteus ATCC 9341 5.0 ppm Tr. mentagrophytes ATCC   10 ppm 9533 Enterococcus hirae ATCC 10541  >10 ppm  Trichophyton rubrum DSM   10 ppm 4167 Propionibacterium acnes ATCC 6.25 ppm  Trichoderma longibrachiatum  >10 ppm 25746 DSM 768 Aspergillus niger ATCC  >10 ppm 6175

[0190] TABLE 5 Minimum inhibitory conc ntrations (MIC) in ppm of selected synthesised compounds against selected test organisms Compound of MIC [ppm] MIC [ppm] MIC [ppm] MIC [ppm] formula S. hominis E. coil P. aeruginosa A. niger 182 >120 >120 >120 >120 183 15 >120 >120 >120 184 >120 >120 >120 >120 185 >120 >120 >120 >120 186 >120 >120 120 >120 187 30 >120 60 >120 188 15 >120 >120 >120 189 15 120 >120 >120 190 >120 >120 >120 >120 191 7.5 >120 >120 120 192 7.5 >120 >120 >120 193 >120 60 >120 >120 194 7.5 >120 >120 >120 195 15 >120 >120 >120 196 7.5 >120 >120 >120 197 >120 >120 120 >120 198 >120 >120 >120 >120 199 120 >120 >120 >120 200 >120 >120 120 >120 201 >120 >120 60 >120 202 60 >120 120 >120 203 >120 >120 >120 >120 204 15 120 60 >120 205 7.5 >120 120 >120 206 7.5 >120 60 >120 207 >120 >120 120 >120 208 15 >120 >120 >120 209 30 >120 120 >120 210 120 >120 120 >120 211 >120 120 120 >120 212 120 >120 >120 >120 213 >120 >120 >120 >120 214 15 120 120 120 215 30 60 120 >120 216 15 120 120 120 217 <3.75 >120 >120 >120 218 15 >120 120 >120 219 >120 >120 >120 >120 220 15 >120 >120 >120 221 15 >120 60 >120 222 120 120 >120 >120 223 >120 >120 60 >120 224 >120 >120 120 >120 225 120 >120 120 >120 226 120 120 >120 >120 227 >120 >120 >120 >120 228 15 >120 >120 >120 229 >120 >120 >120 >120 230 120 >120 120 >120 231 120 >120 120 >120 232 >120 >120 >120 >120 233 15 >120 120 >120 234 >120 >120 120 >120 235 120 >120 >120 >120 236 >120 >120 120 >120 237 >120 >120 120 >120 238 >120 >120 >120 >120 239 120 120 120 >120 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of formula

wherein R₁ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₂₀cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkylcarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro, R₂ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₁-C₂₀hydroxyalkyl; C₁-C₂₀hydroxyalkoxy; C₁-C₂₀aminoalkyl; N—C₁-C₂₀monoalkylamino-C₁-C₂₀alkyl; N—C₁-C₂₀monoalkylaminohydroxy-C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; N,N—C₁-C₂₀dialkylamino-C₁-C₂₀alkyl; N,N—C₁-C₂₀dialkylaminohydroxy-C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; carboxy; carboxy-C₁-C₂₀alkyl ester; C₁-C₂₀haloalkyl; C₁-C₂₀-haloalkoxy; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₂₀-alkoxy; C₂-C₂₀alkenyloxy; C₂-C₂₀alkynyloxy; halogen; cyano; C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl; nitro; trifluoromethyl; or pentafluoroethyl; R₃ and R₄ are each independently of the other hydrogen; or C₁-C₂₀alkyl; or R₃ and R₄ together denote a C₂-C₂₀alkylene radical; a C₂-C₂₀alkenylene radical; a C₄-C₂₀-alkynylene radical; or a C₃-C₂₀alkylene radical interrupted by —N(R₆)—, it being possible for such bivalent radicals to be further substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkyl, C₂-C₂₀alkenyl, C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₂₀alkynyl, C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl, C₁-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl, or phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro; or R₃ and R₄ together denote a bicyclo[x.y.z]C₄-C₂₀alkylene; or bicyclo[x.y.z.]C₄-C₂₀alkylene interrupted by —N(R₆)—, wherein x, y and z are each independently of the others from 0 to 10; R₅ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro; R₆ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀-alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro; Q is —SO₂—; —O—; or —(CO)—; X is —CH—; or —N—; m is from 1 to 3; and t is 0 or
 1. 2. A compound of formula (1) or (2) according to claim 1, wherein R₁ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀-alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkylcarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro, R₂ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; C₂-C₂₀alkenyloxy; C₂-C₂₀alkynyloxy; halogen; cyano; C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl; nitro; trifluoromethyl; or pentafluoroethyl; R₃ and R₄ are each independently of the other hydrogen; or C₁-C₂₀alkyl; or R₃ and R₄ denote a C₂-C₂₀alkylene radical; a C₂-C₂₀alkenylene radical; a C₄-C₂₀alkynylene radical; or a C₃-C₂₀alkylene radical interrupted by —N(R₆)—, it being possible for such bivalent radicals to be further substituted by one or more C₁-C₂₀alkyl, C₃-CO₁₂cycloalkyl, C₂-C₂₀-alkenyl, C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl, C₃-C₂₀alkynyl, C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, or phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro; R₅ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro; R₆ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro; Q is —SO₂—; —O—; or —(CO)—; X is —CH—; or —N—; m is from 1 to 3; and t is 0 or
 1. 3. A compound according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein R₁ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl.
 4. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein R₁ is hydrogen; or C₁-C₅alkyl.
 5. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein R₂ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; or halogen.
 6. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein R₂ is hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; C₁-C₅alkoxy; or halogen.
 7. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 6 that corresponds to formula

wherein R₁ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀-alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkylcarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂-cycloalkoxycarbony), cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro, R₂ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; C₂-C₂₀alkenyloxy; C₂C₂₀alkynyloxy; halogen; cyano; C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl; nitro; trifluoromethyl; or pentafluoroethyl; R₅ is hydrogen; hydroxy; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₂₀alkoxy; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro; R₆ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl; C₂-C₂₀alkenyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkenyl; C₃-C₂₀-alkynyl; C₄-C₁₂cycloalkynyl; C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkyl, C₁-C₅alkoxy, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxy, halogen, carboxy, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, C₃-C₁₂cycloalkoxycarbonyl, cyano, trifluoromethyl, pentafluoroethyl, amino, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro; Q is —SO₂—; —O—; or —(CO)—; T₁ is C₂-C₂₀alkylene; C₂-C₂₀alkenylene; C₄-C₂₀alkynylene; or C₃-C₂₀alkylene interrupted by

X is —CH—; or —N—; s is from 1 to 4; and t is 0 or
 1. 8. A compound according to claim 7, wherein T₁ is a —(CH₂)₂₋₁₂— radical and R₆ is hydrogen; or C₁-C₅alkyl.
 9. A compound according to claim 8, wherein T₁ is a —(CH₂)₃—, —(CH_(2l))₄—, —(CH₂)₅—, or —(CH₂)₁₀— radical; and R₆ is hydrogen; or C₁-C₅alkyl.
 10. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein R₅ is hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl.
 11. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein R₅ is hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; or phenyl.
 12. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 11 of formula

wherein R₆′ and R₆″ are each independently of the other hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₇alkoxy-carbonyl; phenyl or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl each unsubstituted or substituted by C₁-C₅alkyl, C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl, N,N-mono- or di-C₁-C₂₀alkylamino or by nitro; T₁ is

 and R₁, R₂, R₅, R₆ and X are as defined in claim
 6. 13. A compound according to claim 12, wherein R₆′, R₆″ and R₆ are each independently of the others hydrogen; C₁-C₂₀alkyl; C₁-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl; phenyl; or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl.
 14. A compound according to claim 13, wherein R₆′, R₆″ and R₆ are each independently of the others hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; C₁-C₇-alkoxycarbonyl; phenyl or benzyl.
 15. A compound according to any one of claims 1 to 14 that corresponds to formula

wherein R₁ is hydrogen; or C₁-C₅alkyl; R₂ is hydrogen; C₁-C₄alkyl; Cl or Br; R₅ is hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; or phenyl R₆′ and R₆″ are each independently of the other hydrogen; C₁-C₅alkyl; or C₁-C₇alkoxycarbonyl; R₆ is hydrogen, C₁-C₅alkyl; C₁-C₇alkylcarbonyl; or phenyl-C₁-C₅alkyl; T₁ is

 and X is —CH—.
 16. A process for the preparation of a compound of formula (1) or (2) according to claim 1, wherein an indole compound (I), a keto or aldehyde compound of formula (II) and a dienophile of formula (IV) or (V), respectively, are reacted in a suitable solvent using an acid catalyst at a temperature of from 50° C. to 140° C. to form a compound of formula (1) or (2), respectively, in accordance with the following scheme:


17. Use of a compound of formula (1) or (2) according to claim 1 in the antimicrobial treatment, deodorisation and disinfection of the skin, mucosa and hair.
 18. Use according to claim 17, wherein the compound of formula (1) or (2) is used for disinfection and deodorisation.
 19. Use of a compound of formula (1) or (2) according to claim 1 in the treatment of textile fibre materials.
 20. Use according to claim 19, wherein the compound of formula (1) or (2) is used for preservation.
 21. Use of a compound of formula (1) or (2) according to claim 1 in washing and cleaning formulations.
 22. Use of a compound of formula (1) or (2) according to claim 1 in imparting antimicrobial properties to and preserving plastics, paper, nonwovens, wood or leather.
 23. Use of a compound of formula (1) or (2) according to claim 1 in imparting antimicrobial properties to and preserving technical products, especially print thickeners of starch or of cellulose derivatives, surface coatings and paints.
 24. Use of a compound of formula (1) or (2) according to claim 1 as a biocide in technical processes, especially in paper treatment.
 25. A personal care preparation comprising from 0.01 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a compound of formula (1) or (2) according to claim 1 and cosmetically tolerable adjuvants.
 26. An oral composition comprising from 0.01 to 15% by weight, based on the total weight of the composition, of a compound of formula (1) or (2) according to claim 1 and orally tolerable adjuvants.
 27. A medicament comprising a compound of formula (1) or (2) according to claim 1 and therapeutically tolerable adjuvants, for the treatment of bacterial infections. 